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Concept
Women in geology
Summary
Women in geology concerns the history and contributions of women to the field of geology. There has been a long history of women in the field, but they have tended to be under-represented. In the era before the eighteenth century, science and geological science had not been as formalized as they would become later. Hence early geologists tended to be informal observers and collectors, whether they were male or female. Notable examples of this period include Hildegard of Bingen who wrote works concerning stones and Barbara Uthmann who supervised her husband's mining operations after his death. Mrs. Uthmann was also a relative of Georg Agricola. In addition to these names varied aristocratic women had scientific collections of rocks or minerals.
In the nineteenth century a new professional class of geologists emerged that included women. In this period the British tended to have far more women of significance to geology.
In 1977 the Association for Women Geoscientists was formed.
1642: Martine Bertereau, first recorded woman mineralogist, was imprisoned in France on suspicion of witchcraft.
1824: Emma Hart Willard published Ancient Geography as a supplement to Woodbridge's System of Universal Geography.
1833: Mary Austin Holley remarked and published on the soils, water resources, minerals, and mountains of the Texas region.
1841: Orra White Hitchcock, Sarah Hall, and Mrs. Brooks were among the first women to illustrate geological publications.
1865: Elizabeth Carne was elected the first female Fellow of the Royal Geological Society of Cornwall.
1866: Mrs. Myers, Kate Andrews, and Harriet Huntsman's work appeared in the Illinois, Ohio, and Kansas survey reports respectively.
1889: Mary Emilie Holmes became the first female Fellow of the Geological Society of America.
1893: Florence Bascom became the second woman to earn her Ph.D in geology in the United States, and the first woman to receive a Ph.D from Johns Hopkins University. Geologists consider her to be the "first woman geologist in this country [America].
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