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rr () is a derogatory Korean language term describing ethnic Koreans who collaborated with Imperial Japan during either the forced protectorship period (1905–1910) or the colonial period (1910–1945). The term rr () has also been used to describe collaborators. The term was popularized in the mid 1960s, around two decades after the surrender of Japan at the end of World War II and the liberation of Korea. It referred to any ethnic Korean who actively collaborated with the Japanese colonial government or worked against the Korean independence movement. The term is also used to refer to Koreans during the late Joseon period that advocated for closer relations or unification with Japan, such as the members of the Iljinhoe or Five Eulsa Traitors. Prosecution of rr gained increasing support in South Korea after the gradual democratization during the 1980s and 1990s. The first anti-rr legislation was passed in 2005: the Special Law to Redeem Pro-Japanese Collaborators' Property. The term "rr" () first appeared in the 1966 book rr (), written by the Korean independence activist Im Jong-Guk. Before its publication, it was common to call collaborators rr (). The term was generally targeted at Korean colonial leadership. The term is distinct from rr (), which has a politically neutral connotation. While it has taken on a meaning of "[national] traitor", only a minority of the early rr were opportunists, as most of the rr high officials in the beginning believed they were doing what was in the best interests of their country as it struggled to adapt to modernity; the rr were one of a number of factions that existed at that time which were concerned with modernizing Korea along a pattern set by another country (e.g. Russian faction, Chinese faction, American faction, and so on). However, the term itself was not coined until 1966 by scholar Im Chongguk (1929–1989). In the immediate liberation of Korea, American General Douglas MacArthur initially requested that the Japanese colonial authorities and their Korean trainees continue to run Korea until natives could be trained to replace them.

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Related concepts (3)

Japanese war crimes

The Empire of Japan committed war crimes and crimes against humanity in many Asian-Pacific countries during the period of Japanese imperialism, primarily during the Second Sino-Japanese and Pacific Wars. These incidents have been described as "the Asian Holocaust". Some war crimes were committed by Japanese military personnel during the late 19th century, but most were committed during the first part of the Shōwa era, the name given to the reign of Emperor Hirohito.

Chinilpa

Historical negationism

Historical negationism, also called denialism, is falsification or distortion of the historical record. It should not be conflated with historical revisionism, a broader term that extends to newly evidenced, fairly reasoned academic reinterpretations of history. In attempting to revise the past, illegitimate historical revisionism may use techniques inadmissible in proper historical discourse, such as presenting known forged documents as genuine, inventing ingenious but implausible reasons for distrusting genuine documents, attributing conclusions to books and sources that report the opposite, manipulating statistical series to support the given point of view, and deliberately mistranslating texts.