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Concept
Cameroon line
Summary
The Cameroon line (Ligne du Cameroun, Linha dos Camarões, cordillera de Camerún) is a long chain of volcanoes that includes islands in the Gulf of Guinea and mountains on the African mainland, from Mount Cameroon on the coast towards Lake Chad on the northeast. They form a natural border between eastern Nigeria and the West Region of Cameroon.
The islands, which span the equator, have tropical climates and are home to many unique plant and bird species. The mainland mountain regions are much cooler than the surrounding lowlands, and also contain unique and ecologically important environments.
The Cameroon volcanic line is geologically unusual in extending through both the ocean and the continental crust. Various hypotheses have been advanced by different geologists to explain the line.
In the Gulf of Guinea, the Cameroon line consists of six offshore volcanic swells that have formed islands or seamounts. From the southwest to the northeast the island groups are Annobón (or Pagalu), São Tomé, Príncipe and Bioko. Two large seamounts lie between São Tomé and Príncipe, and between Príncipe and Bioko.
On the mainland, the line starts with Mount Cameroon and extends northeast in a range known as the Western High Plateau, home to the Cameroonian Highlands forests. Volcanic swells further inland are Manengouba, Bamboutu and the Oku Massif. East of Oku there are further volcanic mountains in the Ngaoundere Plateau, some of which appear to have similar origins.
Annobón
The southernmost island in the chain is Annobón, also known as Pagalu, with an area of about . It is an extinct volcano that rises from deep water to above sea level. The island belongs to Equatorial Guinea.
The average temperature is , with little seasonal variation. Most rain falls from November to May, with annual precipitation averaging - less than on the mainland. Annobón has lush valleys and steep mountains, covered with rich woods and luxuriant vegetation.
The small population lives in one community, practicing some agriculture but mainly living by fishing.
Official source
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