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Concept
Louis Harold Gray
Summary
Louis Harold Gray FRS (10 November 1905 – 9 July 1965) was an English physicist who worked mainly on the effects of radiation on biological systems. He was one of the earliest contributors of the field of radiobiology A summary of his work is given below. Amongst many other achievements, he defined a unit of radiation dosage (absorbed dose) which was later named after him as an SI unit, the gray.
1933 - Hospital physicist at Mount Vernon Hospital, London
1936 - Developed the Bragg–Gray equation, the basis for the cavity ionization method of measuring gamma-ray energy absorption by materials
1937 - Built an early neutron generator at Mount Vernon Hospital
1938 - Studied biological effects of neutrons using the generator
1940 - Developed concept of RBE (Relative Biological Effectiveness) of doses of neutrons
1952 - Initiated research into cells in hypoxic tumors and hyperbaric oxygen
1953 - Oliver Scott established the British Empire Cancer Campaign Research Unit in Radiobiology at Mount Vernon Hospital with Hal Gray as director which in 1970 became the Cancer Research Campaign's Gray Laboratory and then (in 2001) the Gray Cancer Institute.
1953 - 1960 - Under Gray's direction, Jack W. Boag developed pulse radiolysis
1962 - Ed Hart, of Argonne National Laboratory, and Jack Boag discovered the hydrated electron using pulse radiolysis at the Gray Laboratory - This discovery initiated a new direction of research that is still very active today and is vital for understanding the effects of radiation on biological tissue, for instance in cancer treatment.
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