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Concept
Hindu, Jain and Buddhist architectural heritage of Pakistan
Summary
The Hindu, Buddhist and Jain architectural heritage of Pakistan is part of a long history of settlement and civilization in Pakistan. The Indus Valley civilization collapsed in the middle of the second millennium BCE and was followed by the Vedic Civilisation, which extended over much of northern India and Pakistan.
The Vedic Period (1500-500 BCE) is postulated to have formed during the 1500 BCE to 800 BCE. As Indo-Aryans migrated and settled into the Indus Valley, along with them came their distinctive religious traditions and practices which fused with local culture. The Indo-Aryans' religious beliefs and practices from the Bactria–Margiana culture and the native Harappan Indus beliefs of the former Indus Valley Civilisation eventually gave rise to Vedic culture and tribes. The initial early Vedic culture was a tribal, pastoral society centred in the Indus Valley, of what is today Pakistan. During this period the Vedas, the oldest scriptures of Hinduism, were composed.
Several early tribes and kingdoms arose during this period and internecine military conflicts between these various tribes was common; as described in the Rig Veda, which was being composed at this time, the most notable of such conflicts was the Battle of Ten Kings. This battle took place on the banks of the River Ravi in the 14th century BC (1300 BCE). The battle was fought between the Bharatas tribe and a confederation of ten tribes:
Abhira Kingdom, centred in the Cholistan-Thar region.
Bahlika Kingdom, centred in Punjab.
Gandhara grave culture, also called Swat culture and centred in the Swat Valley of present-day Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.
Kamboja Kingdom, centred in the Hindu Kush region.
Madra Kingdom, centred in upper Punjab, with its capital at Sialkot
Pauravas, a sub-clan of Kambojas
Sindhu Kingdom, centred in present-day Sindh.
Sudra Kingdom, centred in the Cholistan-Thar region.
Its early phase saw the formation of various kingdoms of ancient India. In its late phase (from c.
Official source
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