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Concept
Joseph S. Cullinan
Summary
Joseph Stephen Cullinan (December 31, 1860 – March 11, 1937) was a U.S. oil industrialist. Although he was a native of Pennsylvania, his lifetime business endeavors would help shape the early phase of the oil industry in Texas. He founded The Texas Company, which would eventually be known as Texaco Incorporated.
Cullinan was born to John Francis and Mary (nee Considine) Cullinan on December 31, 1860, in Pulaski Township, Lawrence County, Pennsylvania, not far from Sharon, Pennsylvania. His first experience in the oil industry was when he was 14, working as a hand in the Pennsylvania oilfields. He was responsible for various oil-related duties including a distribution station in Oleopolis, Pennsylvania. This broad exposure prepared him well for his future ventures in the industry. On April 14, 1891, he married Lucy Halm--they would have five children. When he was 22, he joined an affiliate of Standard Oil and for the next thirteen years, performed various managerial duties. In 1895, he ventured into the manufacture of steel storage tanks and started his own company under the name Petroleum Iron Works in New Castle, Pennsylvania.
Oil was discovered in Corsicana, Texas, in 1894 by accident when a water-well company found petroleum while digging a well for the city. By 1897, production was so great that the city's mayor invited him to guide oil production facility development. The lack of refineries often resulted in dumping of crude oil, a wasteful practice which prompted Texas legislators to enforce regulations on the industry. Cullinan, a key person in the development of the state's first petroleum-conservation statute, took such an interest that he agreed to build a refinery. Using out-of-state funds, the J. S. Cullinan Company was established and had a facility online by 1900, processing . His refinery there was the first of its type west of the Mississippi. This company later became part of Magnolia Petroleum Company.
With the breakthrough discovery of the Spindletop oilfield at Beaumont, Cullinan moved his operations to the Beaumont region to partner with Arnold Schlaet.
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