Domain Name System

Summary

The Domain Name System (DNS) is a hierarchical and distributed naming system for computers, services, and other resources in the Internet or other Internet Protocol (IP) networks. It associates various information with domain names (identification strings) assigned to each of the associated entities. Most prominently, it translates readily memorized domain names to the numerical IP addresses needed for locating and identifying computer services and devices with the underlying network protocols. The Domain Name System has been an essential component of the functionality of the Internet since 1985. The Domain Name System delegates the responsibility of assigning domain names and mapping those names to Internet resources by designating authoritative name servers for each domain. Network administrators may delegate authority over sub-domains of their allocated name space to other name servers. This mechanism provides distributed and fault-tolerant service and was designed to avoid a sin

Official source

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_Name_System

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Package Universes: Which Components Are Real Candidates?

Package universes is a component-distribution architecture based on explicitly managing the set of components visible at assembly time. The architecture is usable as is for a number of common organizations and software-engineering processes. Also, by providing a context of use for components, it allows several simplifications in the underlying component system. Experience is reported about two prototype implementations and user groups.

2006

Dynamics of nucleate boiling are strongly affected by the formation and behaviour of the microlayer, a layer of liquid underneath growing bubbles. As a result of its minute thickness, very high heat fluxes occur within the microlayer and its evaporation contributes significantly to the overall heat transfer. Microlayer formation is, however, not guaranteed and the transition from the contact-line to the microlayer regime of nucleate boiling is not fully understood. The difficulty of experimental investigation of the microlayer and the uncertainties surrounding its formation and subsequent evolution motivate the use of Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) to model its behaviour. In this work, a computational strategy for utilising DNS to model nucleate boiling by resolving explicitly the microlayer is developed. The numerical method is based on the resolution of continuum conservation equations for incompressible two-phase flows in Cartesian and axisymmetric cylindrical coordinates. The phasic interface is tracked by means of the geometric Volume-of-Fluid (VOF) method and the algorithm is applicable both to adiabatic and volatile flows. Online, implicit coupling of the fluid and solid domains for the solution of the conjugate heat-transfer problem is included and closure models for the treatment of the interfacial heat-transfer resistance and the dynamic contact angle are introduced. A rigorous verification and validation exercise is performed to evaluate the efficacy of the numerical algorithm. Subsequently, a theoretical criterion for modelling the transition between contact-line and microlayer regimes is derived, and tested. Very good agreement is found with the reference experimental and simulation data and the predictive power of the criterion is demonstrated with the aid of DNS results. The computational procedure is then validated for simulations of nucleate boiling with resolved microlayer using relevant experimental data recently measured at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology; it is shown that the main observed growth features and surface heat-transfer characteristics are well-reproduced using the overall method. A sensitivity study of the dependence of the initial microlayer thickness on the growth conditions is performed and a universal equation describing the thickness distribution is proposed with liquid properties and bubble expansion rate being the governing parameters. Finally, the computational method is extended to coarse-mesh problems by introducing several reduced-order models and the full bubble-growth cycle from nucleation to detachment is simulated. Good agreement with reference measurements is again achieved and the experimental findings regarding the force balance during nucleate boiling are confirmed.

EPFL2021

Boosting Efficiency of External Pipelines by Blurring Application Boundaries

Anastasia Ailamaki, Periklis Chrysogelos, Anna Patricia Herlihy

Modern application development addresses increasingly specialized problems using domain-specific utilities, such as Optical Code Recognition and standalone statistical tools. The diversity of tooling, combined with the ever-growing volume of data, requires data pipelines to be both efficient and support a variety of data processing tools within the same pipeline. Existing approaches, however, impose a tradeoff between modularity and performance: on the one hand, data processing systems are specialized for fast execution of complex queries, favoring efficiency at the expense of high development costs and required domain expertise. On the other hand, highly extensible systems opt for composability at the expense of inefficient execution due to minimal assumptions about input and output formats. This paper proposes Generalized OLAP (GOLAP), a new DBMS paradigm that places automatic extensibility of functionality as a first-class design goal. GOLAP ingests external utilities to achieve the functionality provided by external modular data pipelines while maintaining the performance of natively optimized DBMS functions. Through a combination of runtime inspection and static analysis, GOLAP detects inter-utility communication inefficiencies and parallelization opportunities beyond the limits of isolated utility optimizations. It then modifies the utilities to elide unnecessary inter-utility operations and parallelizes the pipeline to increase hardware utilization. To evaluate GOLAP, we build Caesar, a prototype that optimizes simple pipelines, showing up to 22x speedup while introducing a limited instrumentation period with a slowdown of less than 17%.

2022

EPFL2021