MusaylimaMusayliama the Liar (مُسَيْلِمَةُ), otherwise known as Maslama ibn Ḥabīb (مَسْلَمَةُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ) d.632, was a claimant of prophethood from the Banu Hanifa tribe, of which present day descendants include the House of Saud among other Najd tribes. Based from Diriyah in present day Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, he claimed to be a prophet and was an opponent of Islam in 7th-century Arabia. He was a leader during the Ridda wars. He is considered by Muslims to be a false prophet (اَلْكَذَّابُ al-Kadhāb).
TaifTaif (, atʕˈ tʕaːjɪf) is a city and governorate in the Makkah Region of Saudi Arabia. Located at an elevation of in the slopes of the Hijaz Mountains, which themselves are part of the Sarat Mountains, the city has a 2020 estimated population of 688,693 people, making it the 6th most populous city in the kingdom. There is a belief that Taif is indirectly referred to in Quran 43:31. The city was visited by the Islamic prophet Muhammad, sometime in the early 7th century, and was inhabited by the tribe of Banu Thaqif.
AishaAisha (; ˈɑːiːʃɑː, also US-ʃə,_aɪˈiːʃə, UKɑːˈ(j)iːʃə; 613/614 – July 678) was Islamic prophet Muhammad's third and youngest wife. In Islamic writings, her name is thus often prefixed by the title "Mother of the Believers" (ʾumm al-muʾminīn), referring to the description of Muhammad's wives in the Qur'an. Little is known about the early life of Aisha. A preponderance of classical sources converge on Aisha being 6 or 7 years old at the time of her marriage, and 9 at the consummation; her age has become a source of ideological friction in modern times.
TalhaṬalḥa ibn ʿUbayd Allāh al-Taymī (طَلْحَة بن عُبَيْد اللّه التَّيمي, 594-656) was a Companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. In Sunni Islam, he is mostly known for being among al-ʿashara al-mubashshara ('the ten to whom Paradise was promised'). He played an important role in the Battle of Uhud and the Battle of the Camel, in which he died. According to Sunnis, he was given the title "The Generous" by Muhammad. Talha was born c.
Ridda WarsThe Ridda Wars (حُرُوْبُ الرِّدَّةِ) were a series of military campaigns launched by the first caliph Abu Bakr against rebellious Arabian tribes. They began shortly after the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad in 632 and concluded the next year, with all battles won by the Rashidun Caliphate. These wars secured the caliphate's control over Arabia and restored its nascent prestige. During Muhammad's lifetime, many Arab rebels declared themselves prophets.
Battle of the YarmukThe Battle of the Yarmuk (also spelled Yarmouk) was a major battle between the army of the Byzantine Empire and the Arab Muslim forces of the Rashidun Caliphate. The battle consisted of a series of engagements that lasted for six days in August 636, near the Yarmouk River (also called Hieromyces River), along what are now the borders of Syria–Jordan and Syria-Israel, southeast of the Sea of Galilee. The result of the battle was a complete Muslim victory that ended Byzantine rule in Syria.
Battle of SiffinThe 'Battle of Siffin' (معركة صفين) was fought in 657 CE (37 AH) between Caliph Ali ibn Abi Talib and the rebellious governor of Syria Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan. The battle is named after its location Siffin on the banks of the Euphrates. The fighting stopped after the Syrians called for arbitration to escape defeat, to which Ali agreed under pressure from some of his troops. The arbitration process ended inconclusively in 658 though it strengthened the Syrians' support for Mu'awiya and weakened the position of Ali.
Zayd ibn ThabitZayd bin Thabit (Zayd ibn Thābit) was the personal scribe of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, serving as the chief recorder of the Quran text. He hailed from the ansar (helpers), but later joined the ranks of the Muslim army at age 19. After Muhammad's passing in 632, he was ordered to collect the Quran into a single volume from various written and oral sources. He was a noted expert on the Quran and spent much time reciting it. When Zayd was 1 years old his father died in the Battle of Bu'ath.
Battle of the MastsThe Battle of the Masts (Ma‘rakat Dhāt al-Ṣawārī) or Battle of Phoenix was a crucial naval battle fought in 655 (A.H. 34) between the Muslim Arabs led by Abdallah ibn Sa'd and the Byzantine fleet under the personal command of Emperor Constans II. The battle was part of the earliest campaign by Muawiyah to reach Constantinople and is considered to be "the first decisive conflict of Islam on the deep". Al-Tabari records two possible dates for this naval battle: 651–652 (A.H. 31) on the authority of al-Waqidi and 654–655 (A.
UthmanUthman ibn Affan (ʿUthmān bin ʿAffān; 573 or 576 – 17 June 656 CE), also spelled by Colloquial Arabic, Turkish, Persian and Urdu rendering Osman/Usman, was a second cousin, son-in-law and notable companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, as well as the third of the Rāshidun, or "Rightly Guided Caliphs". He played a major role in early Islamic history, and is known for having ordered the compilation of the standard version of the Quran. When Caliph Umar ibn al-Khattab died in office aged 60/61 years, Uthman, aged 68–71 years, succeeded him and was the oldest to rule as Caliph.
