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Concept
Security bug
Summary
A security bug or security defect is a software bug that can be exploited to gain unauthorized access or privileges on a computer system. Security bugs introduce security vulnerabilities by compromising one or more of:
Authentication of users and other entities
Authorization of access rights and privileges
Data confidentiality
Data integrity
Security bugs do not need be identified nor exploited to be qualified as such and are assumed to be much more common than known vulnerabilities in almost any system.
Vulnerability (computing)
Security bugs, like all other software bugs, stem from root causes that can generally be traced to either absent or inadequate:
Software developer training
Use case analysis
Software engineering methodology
Quality assurance testing
and other best practices
Security bugs generally fall into a fairly small number of broad categories that include:
Memory safety (e.g. buffer overflow and dangling pointer bugs)
Race condition
Secure input and output handling
Faulty use of an API
Improper use case handling
Improper exception handling
Resource leaks, often but not always due to improper exception handling
Preprocessing input strings before they are checked for being acceptable
See software security assurance.
Official source
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