Heptagonal tiling

In geometry, a heptagonal tiling is a regular tiling of the hyperbolic plane. It is represented by Schläfli symbol of {7,3}, having three regular heptagons around each vertex. This tiling is topologically related as a part of sequence of regular polyhedra with Schläfli symbol {n,3}. From a Wythoff construction there are eight hyperbolic uniform tilings that can be based from the regular heptagonal tiling. Drawing the tiles colored as red on the original faces, yellow at the original vertices, and blue along the original edges, there are 8 forms. The symmetry group of the tiling is the (2,3,7) triangle group, and a fundamental domain for this action is the (2,3,7) Schwarz triangle. This is the smallest hyperbolic Schwarz triangle, and thus, by the proof of Hurwitz's automorphisms theorem, the tiling is the universal tiling that covers all Hurwitz surfaces (the Riemann surfaces with maximal symmetry group), giving them a tiling by heptagons whose symmetry group equals their automorphism group as Riemann surfaces. The smallest Hurwitz surface is the Klein quartic (genus 3, automorphism group of order 168), and the induced tiling has 24 heptagons, meeting at 56 vertices. The dual order-7 triangular tiling has the same symmetry group, and thus yields triangulations of Hurwitz surfaces.

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Uniform tilings in hyperbolic plane

In hyperbolic geometry, a uniform hyperbolic tiling (or regular, quasiregular or semiregular hyperbolic tiling) is an edge-to-edge filling of the hyperbolic plane which has regular polygons as faces and is vertex-transitive (transitive on its vertices, isogonal, i.e. there is an isometry mapping any vertex onto any other). It follows that all vertices are congruent, and the tiling has a high degree of rotational and translational symmetry.

Hurwitz's automorphisms theorem

In mathematics, Hurwitz's automorphisms theorem bounds the order of the group of automorphisms, via orientation-preserving conformal mappings, of a compact Riemann surface of genus g > 1, stating that the number of such automorphisms cannot exceed 84(g − 1). A group for which the maximum is achieved is called a Hurwitz group, and the corresponding Riemann surface a Hurwitz surface. Because compact Riemann surfaces are synonymous with non-singular complex projective algebraic curves, a Hurwitz surface can also be called a Hurwitz curve.

3-7 kisrhombille

In geometry, the 3-7 kisrhombille tiling is a semiregular dual tiling of the hyperbolic plane. It is constructed by congruent right triangles with 4, 6, and 14 triangles meeting at each vertex. The image shows a Poincaré disk model projection of the hyperbolic plane. It is labeled V4.6.14 because each right triangle face has three types of vertices: one with 4 triangles, one with 6 triangles, and one with 14 triangles. It is the dual tessellation of the truncated triheptagonal tiling which has one square and one heptagon and one tetrakaidecagon at each vertex.

Finite Element Method on Riemann Surfaces and Applications to the Laplacian Spectrum

Marc Maintrot

The objective of this PhD thesis is the approximate computation of the solutions of the Spectral Problem associated with the Laplace operator on a compact Riemann surface without boundaries. A Riemann surface can be seen as a gluing of portions of the Hype ...

EPFL2012