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Concept
Ulmus minor subsp. minor
Summary
Ulmus minor subsp. minor, the narrow-leaved elm (also known as smooth-leaved elm or East Anglian elm), was the name used by R. H. Richens (1983) for English field elms that were not English elm, Cornish elm, Lock elm or Guernsey elm. Many publications, however, continue to use plain Ulmus minor for Richens's subspecies, a name Richens reserved for the undifferentiated continental field elms. (Ulmus minor is native to southern Europe and Asia Minor including Iran.) Dr Max Coleman of Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh argued in his 2002 paper 'British Elms' that there was no clear distinction between species and subspecies.
In England, narrow-leaved elm is the commonest field elm in East Anglia, the East Midlands, and eastern Kent.
The smooth-leaved elm is a deciduous tree that can grow to 35 m. Its Latin synonym carpinifolia alludes to the superficial similarity of the leaves to those of hornbeam Carpinus sp., while the common names contrast the smooth upper surface and narrowness of the leaves with those of the wych elm, which are rough and broad. The apetalous perfect wind-pollinated flowers, and fruit (samaras) are very similar to those of the species.
File:Ulmus minor subsp minor.jpg|Smooth-leaved elm foliage, May
File:AZ0121 Unknown Ulmus. Warriston Cemetery, Edinburgh (00).jpg|Smooth-leaved elm foliage, October
Although the smooth-leaved elm is generally susceptible to Dutch elm disease, it is genetically a highly variable tree and it is possible some specimens survive in the UK owing to an innately high level of resistance (see Cultivation). Research currently (2009) in hand by Cemagref at Le Pepiniére forestiére de l'Etat, Guémené-Penfao, France, should confirm this. However, all smooth-leaved elm varieties are believed to have been introduced into Britain from central and southern Europe during the Bronze Age, and some, being beyond their natural climates and environments, may be growing slowly and thus producing smaller springwood vessels restrictive to the Ophiostoma fungus.
Official source
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