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Concept
Gęsiówka
Summary
Gęsiówka (ɡɛ̃ˈɕufka) is the colloquial Polish name for a prison that once existed on Gęsia ("Goose") Street in Warsaw, Poland, and which, under German occupation during World War II, became a Nazi concentration camp.
In 1945–56 the Gęsiówka served as a prison and labor camp, operated first by the Soviet NKVD to imprison Polish resistance fighters of the Home Army and other opponents of Poland's new Stalinist regime, then by the Polish communist secret police.
Before World War II, the Gęsiówka was a Polish Army military prison on Gęsia Street (now Anielewicza Street), near the intersection with Okopowa Street and the Okopowa Street Jewish Cemetery. Beginning in 1939, with the German occupation of Poland, it became a re-education camp of the German security police (Arbeitserziehungslager der Sicherheitspolizei Warschau).
In 1943 the prison was turned into a concentration camp, mostly for Jewish prisoners from countries other than Poland, particularly from Greece and Hungary. Over the course of its operation, the camp, known as the Warsaw concentration camp, housed an estimated 8,000–9,000 prisoners, who were engaged in slave labor. 4,000 to 5,000 prisoners are estimated to have died in the camp, during the death march from the camp, during the Warsaw Uprising, and while in hiding after the Uprising.
The former Gęsiówka prison is now the site of the POLIN Museum of the History of Polish Jews.
On 5 August 1944, early in the Warsaw Uprising, the "Zośka" scouting battalion of the Home Army's Radosław Group, led by Ryszard Białous and Eugeniusz Stasiecki, attacked the Gęsiówka camp, which was being liquidated by the Germans. Magda, one of two Panther tanks that had been captured by Polish insurgents on 2 August, and assigned to Zośka's newly formed armour platoon commanded by Wacław Micuta, supported the assault with fire from its main gun. In the one-and-a-half-hour battle, most of the SD guards were killed or captured, though some fled toward the Pawiak prison.
Only two Polish fighters were killed in the attack.
Official source
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