Erbium

Summary

Erbium is a chemical element with the symbol Er and atomic number 68. A silvery-white solid metal when artificially isolated, natural erbium is always found in chemical combination with other elements. It is a lanthanide, a rare-earth element, originally found in the gadolinite mine in Ytterby, Sweden, which is the source of the element's name. Erbium's principal uses involve its pink-colored Er3+ ions, which have optical fluorescent properties particularly useful in certain laser applications. Erbium-doped glasses or crystals can be used as optical amplification media, where Er3+ ions are optically pumped at around 980 or 1480nm and then radiate light at 1530nm in stimulated emission. This process results in an unusually mechanically simple laser optical amplifier for signals transmitted by fiber optics. The 1550nm wavelength is especially important for optical communications because standard single mode optical fibers have minimal loss at this particular wavelength. In addition to

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erbium

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A hybrid erbium(III)-bacteriochlorin near-infrared probe for multiplexed biomedical imaging

Jean-Claude Bünzli, Zhiyong Liu, Ting Wang, Fan Zhang

Spectrally distinct fluorophores are desired for multiplexed bioimaging. In particular, monitoring biological processes in living mammals needs fluorophores that operate in the 'tissue-transparent' near-infrared (NIR) window, that is, between 700 and 1,700 nm. Here we report a fluorophore system based on molecular erbium(III)-bacteriochlorin complexes with large Stokes shift (>750 nm) and narrowband NIR-to-NIR downconversion spectra (full-width at half-maximum

NATURE RESEARCH2021

A photonic integrated circuit-based erbium-doped amplifier

Jijun He, Xinru Ji, Tobias Kippenberg, Junqiu Liu, Yang Liu, Anton Lukashchuk, Zheru Qiu, Rui Ning Wang

Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers revolutionized long-haul optical communications and laser technology. Erbium ions could provide a basis for efficient optical amplification in photonic integrated circuits but their use remains impractical as a result of insufficient output power. We demonstrate a photonic integrated circuit-based erbium amplifier reaching 145 milliwatts of output power and more than 30 decibels of smallsignal gain-on par with commercial fiber amplifiers and surpassing state-of-the-art III-V heterogeneously integrated semiconductor amplifiers. We apply ion implantation to ultralow-loss silicon nitride (Si3N4) photonic integrated circuits, which are able to increase the soliton microcomb output power by 100 times, achieving power requirements for low-noise photonic microwave generation and wavelength-division multiplexing optical communications. Endowing Si3N4 photonic integrated circuits with gain enables the miniaturization of various fiber-based devices such as high-pulse-energy femtosecond mode-locked lasers.

AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE2022

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The delafossite family of compounds with a triangular lattice of rare earth ions has been recently proposed as a candidate host for quantum spin liquid (QSL) states. To realize QSLs, the crystal electric field (CEF) ground state of the rare earth ions should be composed of a doublet that allows sizable quantum tunneling, but until now the knowledge on CEF states in the delafossite compounds is still limited. Here we employ inelastic neutron scattering (INS) to study the CEF transitions in a powder sample of the delafossite NaErS2, where the large total angular momentum J = 15/2 of the Er3+ ions and the resulting plethora of CEF transitions enable an accurate fit of the CEF parameters. Our study reveals nearly isotropic spins with large J(z) = +/- 1/2 components for the Er3+ CEF ground states, which might facilitate the development of a QSL state. The scaling of the obtained CEF Hamiltonian to different rare earth ions suggests that sizable J(z) = +/- 1/2 components are generally present in the CEF ground states, supporting the ternary sulfide delafossites as potential QSL hosts.

AMER PHYSICAL SOC2020