Electronic music

Electronic music is a genre of music that employs electronic musical instruments, digital instruments, or circuitry-based music technology in its creation. It includes both music made using electronic and electromechanical means (electroacoustic music). Pure electronic instruments depended entirely on circuitry-based sound generation, for instance using devices such as an electronic oscillator, theremin, or synthesizer. Electromechanical instruments can have mechanical parts such as strings, hammers, and electric elements including magnetic pickups, power amplifiers and loudspeakers. Such electromechanical devices include the telharmonium, Hammond organ, electric piano and the electric guitar. The first electronic musical devices were developed at the end of the 19th century. During the 1920s and 1930s, some electronic instruments were introduced and the first compositions featuring them were written. By the 1940s, magnetic audio tape allowed musicians to tape sounds and then modify t

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Ab initio study of the work functions of elemental metal crystals

This thesis is concerned with the theoretical study of the physical characteristics of metallic surfaces. Ab initio quantum calculations are performed to determine the electronic properties of clean elemental metal surfaces, fully accounting for the material's atomic structure. We aim to understand the atomicscale mechanisms responsible for the dependence of the work function on the surface geometry, including the crystallographic orientation of the surface, the atomic relaxation and reconstruction, as well as the effect of surface edges. We present an accurate method to derive work functions from self-consistent thin-film calculations. By applying a technique based on a macroscopic average, we filter the atomic oscillations in the electronic density to measure precisely the electrostatic potential step at the crystal surface. Combining this quantity with the Fermi energy of a bulk crystal is shown to reduce size effects on the work functions and to yield very precise values. The microscopic origin of the work function anisotropy is studied in sodium, aluminium, copper and gold. For these metals, we find that the trends of increasing work functions for the principal surface orientations reproduce the experimental data and that the trend in aluminium is different from most other metals. The origin of the work function anisotropy is discussed in relation with the orbital character of the electronic states at the Fermi energy. Our study of metal surfaces is extended to the facets of a finite crystal. First-principles studies of the electronic structure of nanowires enable us to obtain the electrostatic potential outside a variety of infinitely-long facet edges. In particular, we determine the microscopic mechanism that allows two different work functions to coexist on either side of a facet edge.

EPFL1999

L'entre2. L'autre Paris Analyse et cinq interventions sur des sites en devenir entre l'intra-muros et la grande couronne périphérique de Paris

Désenclavement de la banlieue. Franchir et coloniers les zones d'entre-deux (ruptures dans le tissu urain: voies autoroutes, Seine, zones en friches). Un transport public aérien pour franchir et relier, 5 arrêts hybridés à des programmes de consommation de masse pour dynamiser la zone. Un multiplexe cinéma et une grande surface commerciale.

2001

Un centre de danse comme connecteur social à Genève

Audrey Lambiel, Isabelle Suter

Longtemps figé dans le temps grâce à la persévérance de ses habitants, les Grottes, quartier emblématique de la vie culturelle alternative genevoise, a suscité un nouvel intérêt de par sa proximité à la gare Cornavin. Malgré la richesse de ce quartier, une de ses parcelles s'est transformée en friche, servant principalement de parking. Il est essentiel de redonner une vie et une fonction à ce lieu situé au centre de Genève, à proximité de la plupart des transports publics. “Centralité”, “accessibilité”, “culture”: voilà trois mots qui définissent cet îlot. Le programme développé cherche à tirer parti de ces principales qualités. Il se veut culturel et social. Afin de renforcer l'aspect social, le centre de danse imaginé pourra accueillir toutes les personnes, y compris celles ayant des besoins spécifiques. Le projet se présente comme une gradation entre la rue, espace public, et les logements, privés. Cette séquence offre différents types d'espaces selon les besoins et les possibilités, sans pour autant les ségréguer. Les personnes à besoins spécifiques bénéficient de lieux paisibles et moins publics pour leur permettre de s'épanouir. L'unité du projet est conservée grâce à la structure des éléments bâtis et aux matériaux utilisés. Le projet propose un nouvel espace de rencontre, une bulle de calme au centre d'une ville qui vit au rythme des événements internationaux. L'îlot devient un lieu de promenade, protégé de l'extérieur.

2014

Synthesizer

A synthesizer (also spelled synthesiser) is an electronic musical instrument that generates audio signals. Synthesizers typically create sounds by generating waveforms through me

Music sequencer

A music sequencer (or audio sequencer or simply sequencer) is a device or application software that can record, edit, or play back music, by handling note and performance information in several form

Sampling (music)

In sound and music, sampling is the reuse of a portion (or sample) of a sound recording in another recording. Samples may comprise elements such as rhythm, melody, speech, sound effects or longer por

CH-353: Introduction to electronic structure methods

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MICRO-422: Lasers: theory and modern applications

This course gives an introduction to Lasers by both considering fundamental principles and applications. Topics that are covered include the theory of lasers, laser resonators and laser dynamics. In addition to the basic concepts, a variety of interesting laser systems and applications are covered

CH-351: Molecular dynamics and Monte-Carlo simulations

Introduction to molecular dynamics and Monte-Carlo simulation methods.