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Concept
Flemish Community
Summary
The Flemish Community (Vlaamse Gemeenschap ˈvlaːmsə ɣəˈmeːnsxɑp; Communauté flamande kɔmynote flamɑ̃d; Flämische Gemeinschaft ˈflɛːmɪʃə ɡəˈmaɪ̯nʃaft) is one of the three institutional communities of Belgium, established by the Belgian constitution and having legal responsibilities only within the precise geographical boundaries of the Dutch-language area and of the bilingual area of Brussels-Capital. Unlike in the French Community of Belgium, the competences of the Flemish Community have been unified with those of the Flemish Region and are exercised by one directly elected Flemish Parliament based in Brussels.
State reforms in Belgium turned the country from a unitary state into a federal one. Cultural communities were the first type of decentralisation in 1970, forming the Dutch, French and German Cultural Community. Later on, in 1980, these became responsible for more cultural matters and were renamed to simply "Community", the Dutch (Cultural) Community also being renamed to the Flemish Community. In the same state reform of 1980, the Flemish and Walloon Region were set up (the Brussels-Capital Region would be formed later on). In Flanders it was decided that the institutions of the Flemish Community would take up the tasks of the Flemish Region, so there is only one Flemish Parliament and one Flemish Government.
Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium
Under the Belgian constitution, the Flemish Community has legal responsibility for the following:
education (except for degree requirements, the minimum and maximum age of compulsory education, and teachers' pensions);
culture;
language legislation in monolingual Dutch-speaking municipalities;
certain aspects of welfare, health care and child allowances;
international cooperation in all areas of the competency of the Community.
As the Flemish Community's institutions (parliament, government and ministry) absorbed all competencies of the Flemish region, they became also competent for all regional policy areas, including:
agriculture (although the bulk of this policy is determined by the European Union);
public works and regional economic development;
local authorities;
environment;
mobility;
energy (although nuclear energy remains on the federal level).
Official source
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