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Concept
Piława Górna
Summary
Piława Górna pJi'ława-'gurna (before 1928: Ober-Peilau, then Gnadenfrei) is a town in Dzierżoniów County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland, in the western part of the Wzgórza Strzelińskie hills. It lies approximately east of Dzierżoniów, and south of the regional capital Wrocław.
According to official figures for 2019, the town has a population of 6,412.
From 1975 to 1998 Piława Górna was in Wałbrzych Voivodeship.
The oldest historic mention of Piława Górna comes from the 12th century under the Latin name Pilava Superius. Piława Górna was part of Piast-ruled Poland. Then the city came under the suzerainty of the Kingdom of Bohemia, Hungary, again Bohemia and the Habsburg monarchy. It was an agricultural village in Lower Silesia.
After its annexation by the Kingdom of Prussia from Austria in the First Silesian War, German settlers developed a clothing industry in the village in 1743. A settlement congregation of the Moravian Brethren was built in Upper Peilau, i.e. Piława Górna, on the estate of the Austrian noble Ernst Julius, Count von Seydlitz. Imprisoned for his Protestant faith by the Habsburg rulers of Silesia, when he was freed following the Prussian seizure of Silesia, he named the new settlement Gnadenfrei ("freed by [God's] Grace") to commemorate the event. Later on Gnadenfrei would be merged with Piława Górna. From 1871 to 1945 Peilau/Piława was part of Germany. It was for many years "the longest village in Germany", stretching for several miles along the Piława/Peila stream.
By the beginning of the 20th century the village was almost completely German in ethnicity and Protestant in confession. In 1945 after World War II, it was transferred from Germany to Poland. Its German population was expelled and replaced with Roman Catholic Poles, themselves having been expelled from the Lwów (Lviv) region (now in Ukraine).
In 1962 Piława Górna was granted town privileges.
Architectural sights include: the Saint Martin church (built in the 16th–19th centuries), an 18th-century palace complex and the Educational Centre building from the 19th century.
Official source
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