Geodetic datum

A geodetic datum or geodetic system (also: geodetic reference datum, geodetic reference system, or geodetic reference frame) is a global datum reference or reference frame for precisely representing the position of locations on Earth or other planetary bodies by means of geodetic coordinates. Datums are crucial to any technology or technique based on spatial location, including geodesy, navigation, surveying, geographic information systems, remote sensing, and cartography. A horizontal datum is used to measure a location across the Earth's surface, in latitude and longitude or another coordinate system; a vertical datum is used to measure the elevation or depth relative to a standard origin, such as mean sea level (MSL). Since the rise of the global positioning system (GPS), the ellipsoid and datum WGS 84 it uses has supplanted most others in many applications. The WGS 84 is intended for global use, unlike most earlier datums. Before GPS, there was no precise way to measure the posi

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U-SBAS: A universal multi-SBAS standard to ensure compatibility, interoperability and interchangeability

Cyril Botteron, Pierre-André Farine, Aleksandar Jovanovic, Youssef Tawk

Several regional augmentation GNSS systems (like SBAS) are already fully operational and other are under development with new frequencies and signals on the way. Therefore, it becomes imperative to guarantee for all GNSS users the compatibility, interoperability and interchangeability between all these systems. The goal is to ensure that the user’s multi-mode receiver can choose and mix signals from different GNSS and SBAS systems to achieve more availability, accuracy and robustness. Attaining that objective will require agreements on frequency plans and signal designs, as well as other details including means to ensure interoperability of system times and geodetic reference systems. This paper suggests a Universal-SBAS (U-SBAS) standard, compatible with all the existing and planned regional GNSS systems (and their evolutions) in the world, like IRNSS, QZSS, PCW, BEIDOU-1, WAAS, EGNOS, SDCM, GAGAN, MSAS. The proposed worldwide multimodal U-SBAS standard carries additional channels (signals and messages) to cover the nonaeronautical specific Safety-of-Life (SoL) services, and also High Precision Positioning Services (HPPS), Position Velocity Time (PVT), authentication services, safety services, scientific application services, High Precision Timing Services (HPTS), etc. U-SBAS is designed to be fully interoperable with the current SBAS standards and to allow significant performance and service improvements in operational, scientific and/or security areas. Finally usage examples of the proposed standard are given for different types of applications such as science, aviation, precise point positioning, timing, security, robust positioning, maritime and reflectometry.

IEEE2010

METHOD FOR IDENTIFYING DATA ENCODED BY PPM MODULATION, AND RECEIVER FOR SAID METHOD

Cyril Botteron, Pierre-André Farine

The invention relates to a method for identifying a datum Sk that includes: a) constructing (84) a chronological series {T1;...; Ti;...; TN} of the arrival times Ti of consecutive pulses or pulse blocks; b) calculating (96) a resemblance value among said series {T1;...; Ti;...; TN} and a predetermined chronological sequence {TREFki;...; TREFkj;...; TREFkM} of the arrival times encoding the datum Sk for a plurality of time offsets Ol between the series {T1;...; Ti;...; TN} and the sequence {TREFki;...; TREFkj;...; TREFkM}; c) identifying the datum Sk in the series {T1;...; Ti;...; TN} if the resemblance value calculated for one of the time offsets Ol exceeds a predetermined threshold.

2009

Geodesy

Geodesy is the science of measuring and representing the geometry, gravity, and spatial orientation of the Earth in temporally varying 3D. It is called planetary geodesy when studying other astronomic

World Geodetic System

The World Geodetic System (WGS) is a standard used in cartography, geodesy, and satellite navigation including GPS. The current version, WGS 84, defines an Earth-centered, Earth-fixed coordinat

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In geography, latitude is a coordinate that specifies the north–south position of a point on the surface of the Earth or another celestial body. Latitude is given as an angle that ranges from –90° a

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Bases de la géomatique pour les ingénieurs civil et en environnement. Présentation des méthodes d'acquisition, de gestion et de représentation des géodonnées. Apprentissage pratique avec des méthodes topométriques et d'imagerie du territoire.

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The course aims at providing future civil engineers with the knowledge of geomechanics for professional practice. It addresses, among others, the main stress-strain constitutive models within the context of elasticity and elasto-plasticity and the estimation methods of the lateral earth pressure.