Fixed points of the Ruelle-Thurston operator

Covers proper actions of groups on Riemann surfaces and introduces algebraic curves via square roots.

Covers the integration of differential forms on smooth manifolds, including the concepts of closed and exact forms.

Covers the functional equation of zeta function and Jensen's formula in complex analysis.

Covers the topology of Riemann surfaces, focusing on orientation and orientability.

Explores directed networks with asymmetric relationships and hypergraphs that generalize graphs by allowing edges to connect any subset of nodes.