Lecture
This lecture explains the implementation of a chopper amplifier to reduce noise in operational amplifiers. The instructor demonstrates how chopper modulation can eliminate flicker noise, increase white noise, and minimize residual offset. Various techniques, such as selective amplification and bandpass filters, are discussed to improve amplifier performance. The lecture also covers the design of a current balancing instrumentation amplifier for bio-potential readout systems. The use of chopper stabilization techniques in continuous-time applications is emphasized, highlighting the trade-offs between noise and offset voltage. The presentation concludes with a discussion on noise cancellation methods and the advantages of chopper stabilization over AutoZero techniques.