This lecture explores the concept of anonymous communications on the internet, focusing on the use of Tor to protect privacy and circumvent censorship. It delves into the architecture of the internet, packet headers, and the challenges of maintaining anonymity online. The lecture discusses the history, functionality, and attacks on Tor, highlighting its role in promoting political freedom and the dark web. It also addresses the limitations of Tor in providing perfect anonymity and the ethical considerations surrounding its usage. The presentation concludes with a critical discussion on the implications of Tor on society and the potential improvements in online privacy.