This lecture covers the fundamental concepts of electromagnetic waves, focusing on the wave equations and their solutions. Starting with the wave equation from d'Alembert, the instructor explains the propagation of waves in different media and the role of Maxwell's equations. The lecture delves into the influence of polarization, non-linear effects, and dispersive properties in wave equations. It also discusses the Kramers-Kronig relations and the Poynting vector to quantify energy transport in electromagnetic waves.