Chemical Equilibrium: Acids and Bases

This lecture covers the concepts of chemical equilibrium, focusing on acids and bases. It explains the principles of chemical potential, equilibrium constants, acidity constants, and the behavior of acids and bases according to Arrhenius. The lecture delves into the determination of pH for strong and weak acid solutions, the autoprotolysis of water, and the concept of buffer solutions. It also discusses the pH scale, pH indicators, and the quantitative treatment of acid-base equilibria. Furthermore, it explores the acidity constant, pH calculations for different acid-base equilibria, and the properties of buffer solutions. The lecture concludes with a review of key topics such as the Carnot cycle, phase transitions, and the second law of thermodynamics.