Clinical Trials: Phases and Challenges

Explores Simpson's Paradox with a real-world example and emphasizes the significance of randomized trials.

Discusses the randomized clinical trial of brewed greenatectomy and related topics.

Covers statistical hypothesis testing, confidence intervals, p-values, and significance levels in hypothesis testing.

Explains the calculation of statistical significance in spatial statistics using permutation and randomization methods.

Explores causality, clinical studies, new drug evaluation, confounding factors, and data analysis methods.