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This lecture covers various methods for DNA separation, including gel electrophoresis and capillary electrophoresis. It explains the principles behind DNA migration in gels, the use of CE chips for fast separation, and the challenges of separating long DNA fragments. The lecture also discusses DNA sizing in nanochannels and the concept of DNA prisms for separating long fragments. Additionally, it explores the direct observation of protein binding sites on DNA using nanochannels. The physics of DNA, such as its structure, charge, and mobility, are also explained in the context of separation techniques.