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This lecture covers the concepts of filtering signals using a moving average filter and the process of sampling signals. It explains how to represent the effect of a filter graphically in the frequency domain, the importance of the sampling period, and the consequences of undersampling. The lecture also discusses the reconstruction of signals from samples and the conditions for successful signal reconstruction. Additionally, it introduces the concept that any signal can be decomposed into a sum of sinusoids and the significance of signal bandwidth. The lecture concludes by highlighting the essential role of filtering and sampling in signal processing.