This lecture discusses the current and future energy landscape, focusing on the World Energy Assessment and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change data. It covers energy reserves, resources, and the business-as-usual model, emphasizing the need for carbon-free energy sources like solar and fusion. The lecture explores renewable energy potentials, biomass, and nuclear power scalability. It also delves into carbon sequestration, energy storage technologies, and the challenges of solar fuel production through photosynthesis and artificial means.