Interaction of E-M Waves with Matter: Absorption, Transmission, Reflection

This lecture explores the interaction of electromagnetic waves with matter, focusing on the visible regime of the spectrum. It delves into how E- and B-fields exert forces on charges in materials, leading to the emission of new waves. The discussion includes the Maxwell's Equations with polarization effects, transmission, absorption, and reflection processes. Examples like the Lycurgus Cup and materials like VANTA-black and beetles are used to illustrate concepts. The different optical appearances of sapphire are also examined, distinguishing between transparent, translucent, and opaque materials. The lecture emphasizes the importance of a unified description to understand the complex interaction between electromagnetic waves and matter.