Maps: Key-Value Associations

This lecture introduces maps as data structures that associate keys with values, supporting various operations like mapping, querying, and updating. It covers the concept of the Option type for handling potential absence of values and demonstrates the use of maps as functions. Additionally, it explores the decomposition of Option values and functional updates of maps. The lecture concludes with examples of sorting, grouping, and default values in maps, along with a practical application of representing polynomials as maps.