This lecture introduces the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP) and its applications in enabling human-machine collaboration, search engines, dialogue agents, text generation, and more. The instructor, Antoine Bosselut, discusses the challenges of NLP, such as ambiguity in language, and the advancements in neural language models. The lecture covers the basics of NLP, including language models, learning algorithms, and the course goals. It also outlines the building blocks and topics that will be covered throughout the course, emphasizing the importance of understanding modern approaches and deploying them in practical scenarios.