Lecture
This lecture explores the historic impact of migration on the environment, focusing on the dramatic expansion of European colonial empires from 1500 to 1900. It discusses the transformation of the environment through large-scale plantation agriculture, the formation of global markets, and the de-industrialization of colonial societies. The presentation also covers the role of railroads, steamships, and telegraphs in facilitating European imperial expansion and resource extraction. Additionally, it delves into new patterns of circular migration and the sharp rise in global migration in the 1800s. The lecture highlights how migration patterns in North Asia were not directly tied to European empire and were facilitated by railway and steam technology.