This lecture covers the use of transformers and MLPs for document classification. It explains the concepts of self-attention, linear transformations, multihead attention, layer normalization, residual connections, position embeddings, input length, classification layer, and finetuning. The instructor emphasizes the importance of transformers in NLP tasks, such as text classification, and highlights the benefits of using transformers over traditional methods like bag of words. The lecture concludes with a summary of the key points discussed throughout the session.