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This lecture covers the concept of auditory masking, where a sound can render another inaudible due to the ear's behavior. Different types of masking, such as simultaneous, backward, and forward masking, are explained. The lecture also delves into how masking affects the loudness and pitch of sounds, allowing for sound compression. Additionally, the discussion extends to temporal masking, where sounds can mask each other even if not simultaneous, exploring forward and backward masking effects. Critical bands, which influence perception alteration of tones, and cochlear filter banks are also discussed, shedding light on how the auditory system behaves as a filter bank with overlapping bands.