This lecture covers the basics of inferential statistics, including sampling from populations, measures of central tendency, dispersion, and statistical dependence. It also delves into histograms, cumulative frequency plots, and the concept of z-scores. The instructor explains the importance of mean, median, and mode, as well as the calculation of standard deviation and variance. Additionally, the lecture explores the binomial distribution, covariance, and the normal distribution. Practical examples and applications are provided to illustrate these statistical concepts.