This lecture covers the development of atomic theory from ancient Greek philosophers to modern scientists like Lavoisier, Dalton, Thomson, and Rutherford. It explains the laws of conservation of mass, definite proportions, and multiple proportions. The lecture also delves into the Bohr model, the hydrogen spectrum, and the limitations of the model. Furthermore, it discusses the photoelectric effect, emission spectra of atoms, and the nature of light as both a wave and a particle. Key concepts such as atomic structure, electromagnetic radiation, and quantum energy levels are explored.