Lecture
This lecture covers the principles and techniques of single photon detection, focusing on photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) and intensified charge-coupled devices (ICCDs). The instructor begins by explaining the operation of PMTs, where a single photon generates an electron that is amplified through a series of processes, resulting in a measurable current pulse. The discussion includes the importance of pulse discrimination to filter out noise and cosmic rays, ensuring accurate photon counting. The lecture then transitions to intensified CCDs, detailing their structure and functionality, including the use of micro-channel plates for electron multiplication. The instructor highlights the advantages of using intensified CCDs for low-light applications and introduces intensified CMOS cameras, emphasizing their high-speed capabilities. The lecture concludes with an example of single photon detection using an intensified CCD, demonstrating the ability to observe interference patterns from single photons, showcasing the practical applications of these technologies in scientific research.