This lecture covers the historical path to Low Earth Orbit (LEO) and Geostationary Orbit (GEO), current and future missions, actors in the space industry, orbital stations, scientific missions, and the potential return to the Moon and Mars. It also explores the 'New Space' economy, including new launchers, space tourism, scientific research, and the possibility of space hotels. The lecture delves into the significance of LEO and GEO for Earth, the advancements in space technology, and the potential for the space sector to generate substantial revenue in the future.