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This lecture covers the concept of limit equilibrium and the Coulomb method for retaining walls. It explains the approach to determining the orientation of the failure plane, the angle of friction, and the maximum force on the wall. The theory of Rankine is discussed in the context of simple cases and generalizations for non-horizontal surfaces. The lecture also delves into the active and passive cases of Coulomb, highlighting the differences in results and the importance of considering soil-wall friction. Various graphical methods and solutions are presented for analyzing retaining wall stability, including Caquot-Kerisel charts and Lancellota's solution. The conclusions emphasize the effectiveness of the Coulomb method for active conditions and the limitations for passive conditions, recommending alternative approaches for accurate analysis.