This lecture covers the Preliminary Hazard Analysis (PHA) method, which aims to identify risks in a system by listing hazardous elements and their potential causes. It also discusses the Checklist method, its principles, and examples, emphasizing its systematic evaluation approach. Additionally, the Failure Modes, Effects, and Criticality Analysis (FMECA) is explained, detailing its history, causes-effects analysis, process, methodology, and corrective measures.