This lecture covers the concept of divide and conquer in recursive algorithms, focusing on the approach of breaking down a problem into smaller instances to solve it. Examples like the Towers of Hanoi demonstrate the application of this technique, where problems are solved by recursively decomposing them into simpler versions until reaching a base case. The lecture also discusses the general schema of divide and conquer, emphasizing the importance of applying specific algorithms for trivial cases and recursively solving larger instances. Key topics include recursion, dynamic programming, and the iterative process of finding the correct position for elements in an array.