Neuroengineering: Auditory and Vestibular Neuroprostheses

This lecture discusses the principles and applications of auditory and vestibular neuroprostheses, focusing on the auditory brainstem implant (ABI) and vestibular prosthesis technologies. The instructor explains the challenges faced by individuals with hearing loss due to conditions like neurofibromatosis type 2, emphasizing the role of ABI in restoring sound awareness and improving lip reading. The lecture covers the surgical techniques involved in ABI placement and the performance outcomes from clinical trials. The discussion then shifts to vestibular functions, detailing the anatomy and mechanics of the vestibular system, including semicircular canals and otolith organs. The instructor highlights the vestibular ocular reflex and vestibulospinal reflex, which are crucial for maintaining balance and posture. The concept of sensory substitution is introduced, showcasing innovative approaches like the BrainPort system, which transforms sensory information into electrical stimulation. The lecture concludes with insights into the development of vestibular prostheses and their potential to enhance quality of life for individuals with vestibular disorders.