This lecture introduces the fundamentals of parallel programming, covering concepts such as concurrency, parallelism, forms of parallelism (throughput, functional, pipeline, data), task granularity, division of work, asynchrony, creating parallel programs, shared memory programming, automatic parallel program creation, forms of communication (shared memory, message passing), programming models (sequential, shared memory, message passing, data parallel, dataflow), software layering, synchronization, and examples of parallel programming using PThreads and OpenMP.