This lecture explores the Background-Oriented Schlieren (BOS) technique, which uses environmental patterns instead of mirrors to visualize shock waves and compressible flow phenomena. The instructor showcases how BOS has been applied to study phenomena such as shock waves from explosions, compressible flow around helicopter blades, and interactions between supersonic aircraft. The lecture also discusses the use of natural elements like clouds and the sun to visualize shock waves in the sky, showcasing innovative applications of the BOS technique in aerodynamics.