Lecture
This lecture introduces the concept of parameter estimation in quantum metrology, where the parameter phi is encoded in the state evolution of a sensor. It covers the probability distribution dependence on measurement choice, the Quantum Fisher Information, and the Quantum Cramer-Rao bound. The lecture also discusses optimal input states for Ramsey interferometry, the role of entanglement in surpassing the SQL, and the impact of noise and loss on NooN states for large N.