This lecture covers the correction of question one of set number 20 or seven, focusing on the interaction between polarizers and quarter wave plates. The instructor explains the process step by step, emphasizing the importance of laying down equations and understanding the effects of each component on light polarization. By going through the calculations and geometric representations, the lecture demonstrates how the quarter wave plate introduces a phase shift and alters the polarization state of light, leading to a final intensity ratio of one half.