This lecture covers the principles and applications of total scattering and PDF analysis in materials science. It explains the transformation of precursors into crystals, the significance of short-range order, and the use of PDF to study local atomic arrangements. Examples include in-situ nanoparticle synthesis and the structural evolution of materials during synthesis. The instructor discusses the instrumental setup for total scattering, data analysis techniques like least-squares refinement and real space modeling, and showcases the use of PDF in host-guest systems and in-situ synthesis studies.