Polarization of Light

This lecture covers the concept of polarization of light, starting with the representation of a monochromatic plane wave and the expression of the electric field. It then delves into the state of polarization, explaining how the tip of the electric field vector traces out an ellipse in the x-y plane. The lecture further discusses linearly polarized light, circularly polarized light, and the Poincaré sphere representation. Various angles and phase differences are explored to determine the state of polarization, leading to the distinction between linear and circular polarization.