Harmonic Oscillators: Theory and Applications

This lecture covers the theory and applications of harmonic oscillators, focusing on the mathematical description of oscillatory motion, energy conservation, and the behavior of oscillators near equilibrium. The instructor emphasizes the relationship between position, velocity, and energy in the phase space, illustrating it with examples such as a simple pendulum. The lecture also discusses the concept of potential energy, the harmonic oscillator's pulsation, and the elliptical orbits representing the motion in phase space.