Generalized Noise and Irreversibility

Covers the definition of differential equations and their relation to functions and derivatives.

Discusses the graph of a relation and the concept of separation.

Explores the electric field of a dipole moment and the concept of bound charges in a dielectric.

Explores the definition of surfaces, focusing on the torus and its construction through various examples and morphic images.

Explores optimization problems in algebra and trinomial equations, focusing on maximizing area with fixed perimeters.