Lecture
This lecture delves into the four rationales to comprehend present-day globality, including a system of systems, a set of worlds, a field of forces, and a hierarchical network. It also explores different civilizations such as Western, Latin American, African, Islamic, Sinic, Hindu, Orthodox, Buddhist, and Japanese, as proposed by Samuel P. Huntington. The interactions within these systems are analyzed in terms of affirmation, insertion, isolation, inclusion, withdrawal, globalization, fragmentation, unification, disconnection, integration, and differentiation.