This lecture covers the criteria for failure in geotechnical engineering, including Tresca and Mohr-Coulomb criteria, principal stresses, elastic and plastic domains, and the concept of failure envelopes. It also discusses the determination of ultimate loads through static and kinematic approaches, considering both short-term and long-term behaviors. The lecture delves into the concepts of plastic deformations, convexity of plasticity criteria, and the power dissipation along sliding surfaces. Additionally, it explores discontinuities in stress fields and demonstrates the static and kinematic theorems of limit analysis to establish lower and upper bounds for failure loads.